4.5. Summary
Linux is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system that has a UNIX-like way of handling processes. Execution speed of commands can depend on a thousand tiny things. Among others, we learned a lot of new commands to visualize and handle processes. Here’s a list:
Table 4-3. Process handling commands
| Command |
Meaning |
| at |
Queue jobs for later execution. |
| atq |
Lists the user’s pending jobs. |
| atrm |
Deletes jobs, determined by their job number. |
| batch |
Executes commands when system load level permits. |
| crontab |
Maintain crontab files for individual users. |
| halt |
Stop the system. |
init runlevel |
Process control initialization. |
| jobs |
Lists currently executing jobs. |
| kill |
Terminate a process. |
| mesg |
Control write access to your terminal. |
| netstat |
Display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections and multicast memberships. |
| nice |
Run a program with modified scheduling priority. |
| ps |
Report process status. |
| pstree |
Display a tree of processes. |
| reboot |
Stop the system. |
| renice |
Alter priority of running processes. |
| shutdown |
Bring the system down. |
| sleep |
Delay for a specified time. |
| time |
Time a command or report resource usage. |
| top |
Display top CPU processes. |
| uptime |
Show how long the system has been running. |
| vmstat |
Report virtual memory statistics. |
| w |
Show who is logged on and what they are doing. |
| wall |
Send a message to everybody’s terminals. |
| who |
Show who is logged on. |
| write |
Send a message to another user. |
Prev: Scheduling processes
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